Ezra 1-6
New Catholic Bible
The Return from the Exile
Chapter 1
The Decree of Cyrus. 1 In the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia, in order that the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord inspired King Cyrus of Persia to issue the following proclamation throughout his kingdom and also have it put in writing:
2 “King Cyrus of Persia says this: The Lord, the God of heaven, has given to me all the kingdoms of the earth, and in addition he has designated me to build him a house at Jerusalem in Judah. 3 May God be with all those among you who belong to his people.[a] They are to go up to Jerusalem in Judah and rebuild the house of the Lord, the God of Israel, the God who is in Jerusalem. 4 And let everyone who has survived, and who has settled down to reside in that locale, be assisted by the people of that place with silver and gold, with goods and livestock, in addition to the voluntary offerings for the house of God in Jerusalem.”
5 Then the heads of the families of Judah and Benjamin, as well as the priests and Levites—all those whose spirit has been aroused by God—prepared to go forth and rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. 6 All of their neighbors assisted them with gifts of every kind—silver and gold, goods and livestock, and many valuable gifts, in addition to all of their free-will offerings.
7 Furthermore, King Cyrus himself handed over the vessels of the house of the Lord that Nebuchadnezzar had carried away from Jerusalem and placed them in the temple of his gods. 8 Cyrus, the king of Persia, ordered them to be released into the charge of Mithredath, the treasurer, who made a complete inventory of them before turning them over to Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.[b]
9 [c]This was the final inventory: thirty gold dishes; one thousand silver dishes, in addition to twenty-nine others that had been repaired; 10 thirty gold bowls; four hundred and ten silver bowls; one thousand other articles. 11 The final total of all the gold and silver vessels was five thousand four hundred. All these Sheshbazzar took with him when he led the exiles back from Babylon to Jerusalem.
Chapter 2
Census of the Province. 1 These were the people of the province who returned from the captivity of the exiles, those whom Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, had carried away to Babylon and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town. 2 They were led back by Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah.[d]
The census of the men of the people of Israel: 3 the sons of Parosh, two thousand one hundred and seventy-two; 4 the sons of Shephatiah, three hundred and seventy-two; 5 the sons of Arah, seven hundred and seventy-five; 6 the sons of Pahath-moab, namely the descendants of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve; 7 the sons of Elam, one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; 8 the sons of Zattu, nine hundred and forty-five; 9 less the sons of Zaccai, seven hundred and sixty; 10 the sons of Bani, six hundred and forty-two; 11 the sons of Bebai, six hundred and twenty-three; 12 the sons of Azgad, one thousand two hundred and twenty-two; 13 the sons of Adonikam, six hundred and sixty-six; 14 the sons of Bigvai, two thousand and fifty-six; 15 the sons of Adin, four hundred and fifty-four; 16 the sons of Ater, namely the descendants of Hezekiah, ninety-eight; 17 the sons of Bezai, three hundred and twenty-three; 18 the sons of Jorah, one hundred and twelve; 19 the sons of Hashum, two hundred and twenty-three; 20 the sons of Gibeon, ninety-five; 21 the sons of Bethlehem, one hundred and twenty-three; 22 the sons of Netophah, fifty-six; 23 the sons of Anathoth, one hundred and twenty-eight; 24 the sons of Beth-azmaveth, forty-two; 25 the sons of Kiriath-jearim, Chephi-rah, and Beeroth, seven hundred and forty-three; 26 the sons of Ramah and Geba, six hundred and twenty-one; 27 the sons of Michmas, one hundred and twenty-two; 28 the sons of Bethel and Ai, two hundred and twenty-three; 29 the sons of Nebo, fifty-two; 30 the sons of Magbish, one hundred and fifty-six; 31 the sons of the other Elam, one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; 32 the sons of Harim, three hundred and twenty; 33 the sons of Lod, Hadid and Ono, seven hundred and twenty-five; 34 the sons of Jericho, three hundred and forty-five; 35 the sons of Senaah, three thousand six hundred and thirty.
36 The priests: the sons of Jedaiah, who were of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred and seventy-three; 37 the sons of Immer, one thousand and fifty-two; 38 the sons of Pashhur, one thousand two hundred and forty-seven; 39 the sons of Harim, one thousand and seventeen.
40 The Levites: the sons of Jeshua, Kadmiel, Binnui, and Hodaviah, seventy-four.
41 The singers: the sons of Asaph, one hundred and twenty-eight.
42 The gatekeepers: the sons of Shallum, the sons of Ater, the sons of Talmon, the sons of Akkub, the sons of Hatita, the sons of Shobai, one hundred and thirty-nine in all.
43 The temple slaves: the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth, 44 the sons of Keros, the sons of Siaha, the sons of Padon, 45 the sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagabah, the sons of Akkub, 46 the sons of Hagab, the sons of Shamlai, the sons of Hanan, 47 the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, the sons of Reaiah, 48 the sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, the sons of Gazzam, 49 the sons of Uzza, the sons of Paseah, the sons of Besai, 50 the sons of Asnah, the sons of the Meunites, the sons of the Nephusites, 51 the sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur, 52 the sons of Bazluth, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha, 53 the sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Temah, 54 the sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha.
55 The descendants of the slaves of Solomon: the sons of Sotai, the sons of Hassophereth, the sons of Peruda, 56 the sons of Jaalah, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel, 57 the sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth-hazzebaim, the sons of Ami. 58 The total of the temple slaves and the descendants of Solomon’s servants numbered three hundred and ninety-two.
59 The following were those who returned from Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Cherub, Addan, and Immer but were unable to prove that their families and their ancestry were of Israelite origin: 60 the sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, the sons of Nekoda: six hundred and fifty-two. 61 And also in regard to the sons of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, the sons of Barzillai (he had married one of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite and became known by his name). 62 These men had searched for their names in the genealogical records[e] but they were not to be found there. As a result, they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean. 63 Consequently the governor[f] ordered them not to partake of the most sacred food until a priest arrived to consult the Urim and the Thummim.
64 The entire assemblage numbered forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty people, 65 apart from their male and female slaves, who numbered seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven, not including two hundred male and female singers. 66 Their horses numbered seven hundred and thirty-six. In addition, their mules numbered two hundred and forty-five, 67 their camels numbered four hundred and thirty-five, and their donkeys numbered six thousand seven hundred and twenty.
68 When they arrived at the house of the Lord in Jerusalem, some of the heads of families gave free-will offerings for the rebuilding of the house of God on its original site. 69 According to their resources they donated sixty-one thousand gold drachmas, five thousand silver minas, and one hundred priestly robes.[g]
70 The priests, the Levites, and some of the people settled in Jerusalem and its vicinity, while the singers, the gatekeepers, and the temple servants lived in their towns, and all the rest of the Israelites settled in their towns.
Chapter 3
Restoration of the Altar. 1 When the seventh month came and the Israelites had settled in their towns, the people gathered in Jerusalem as a single entity. 2 Then Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, with his fellow priests, and Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, with his brothers, set out to rebuild the altar of the God of Israel, in order to offer upon it the holocausts as prescribed in the law of Moses, the man of God.
3 Despite their fear of the peoples that surrounded them, they erected the altar on its former site, and upon it they presented burnt offerings to the Lord both morning and evening. 4 They also celebrated the Feast of Booths as prescribed and offered the holocausts required for each day.
5 [h]In addition, they presented the regular burnt offerings and the sacrifices prescribed for the new moons and for the festivals sacred to the Lord, as well as all the free-will offerings made to the Lord. 6 From the first day of the seventh month they began to present burnt offerings to the Lord, even though the foundations of the temple of the Lord had not yet been laid.
Founding of the Temple. 7 Then money was contributed to the masons and the carpenters, while food, drink, and oil were given to the Sidonians and the Tyrians so that they could procure cedar trees and transport them from Lebanon by sea to Jaffa, permission for which was granted by King Cyrus of Persia.
8 In the second month of the second year of their arrival at the house of God in Jerusalem, Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, together with the rest of their brothers, the priests, the Levites, and all the people who had returned to Jerusalem from their captivity, began their project. 9 Jeshua, along with his sons and his brothers, together with Kadmiel and Binnui, the son of Henadad, and their sons and brethren, agreed to supervise the workers in the house of God.
10 When the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the Lord, the priests in their robes with their trumpets, and the Levites, the sons of Asaph, with their cymbals, were stationed there to praise the Lord according to the ordinances established by King David of Israel. 11 They chanted praise and offered thanksgiving to the Lord, singing:
“The Lord is good,
and everlasting is his faithful love toward Israel.”
Then all the people raised a great shout, praising the Lord because the foundation of the house of the Lord had been laid.[i]
12 However, many of the priests and Levites and heads of families, elderly people who had seen the former house, wept loudly in sorrow when they beheld the foundations of this one, although many others shouted aloud for joy. 13 As a result, the people were unable to distinguish the clamor of the joyful shouts from the cries of those who were weeping. So great were the shouts and the cries that the sounds could be heard a long distance away.
Chapter 4
Samaritan Interference. 1 When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the returned exiles were in the process of building a temple to the Lord, the God of Israel, 2 they approached Zerubbabel and Jeshua and the heads of families and said: “Let us assist you as you build, for we reverence your God as you do, and we have been sacrificing to him ever since the days of King Esarhaddon of Assyria who brought us here.”
3 However, Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of Israelite families replied: “You shall have no share in the building of the house for our God. We alone shall build it for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus of Persia has commanded us.”
4 As a result, the people who lived around them became determined to discourage the people of Judah and to make them fearful of continuing to build. 5 Moreover, they also bribed officials to frustrate the plans of the people of Judah. This continued during the remaining years of the reign of King Cyrus of Persia and into the reign of King Darius of Persia.[j]
Later Hostility.[k] 6 At the beginning of the reign of Ahasuerus, the people of the land drew up an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. 7 And later, in the days of Artaxerxes of Persia, Mithredath joined Tabeel and their other associates in writing a letter to the king in Aramaic and then translated.
8 After that, Rehum the governor and Shimshai the secretary wrote a letter to King Artaxerxes denouncing Jerusalem as follows:
9 “From Rehum the governor and Shimshai the secretary, and the rest of their associates, the judges, the envoys, the officials, the magistrates, and the governors over the men from Tripolis, Persia, Erech, and Babylon, the Elamites in Susa, and 10 all the other peoples whom the great and illustrious Ashurbanipal deported and settled, in the city of Samaria and in the rest of the province of West-of-Euphrates.”[l]
11 This is a copy of the letter that they sent to him: “To King Artaxerxes, from your servants, the people of the province of Trans-Euphrates: 12 The king has the right to know that the Jews who came up from you to us have arrived in Jerusalem and are in the process of rebuilding this rebellious and wicked city. They have restored the walls and are repairing the foundations. 13 Now we wish to inform the king that if the city is rebuilt and the walls are restored, they will refuse to pay tribute, taxes, or tolls, causing the royal revenues to be sharply reduced.
14 “Now, because we share the salt of the palace,[m] we know that it is not right for us to witness the king’s dishonor. We therefore are sending this information to the king 15 in order that a search may be made in the archives of your ancestors. In those archives you will discover that this is a rebellious city greatly troublesome to kings and provinces, and that sedition has been stirred up within its walls from the earliest times. That is why this city was destroyed. 16 Therefore, we wish to inform you, O king, that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are raised up again, you will be left without any territory in Trans-Euphrates.”
17 The king sent this reply: “To Rehum the governor, to Shimshai the secretary, and to the rest of their associates who reside in Samaria and in the province of West-of-Euphrates: Greetings!
18 “The letter you have sent to us has now been accurately translated and been read in my presence. 19 When an inquiry was made at my command, it was discovered that this city has frequently risen up against the kings in the past, and that revolt and rebellion were more than an occasional occurrence. 20 In addition, powerful kings have reigned in Jerusalem and exercised authority over the entire province of West-of-Euphrates while exacting tribute, taxes, and tolls.
21 “Therefore, now give orders that these men must cease their work, and make it clear that this city is not to be rebuilt until I issue a decree to that effect. 22 And take care that you do not act negligently in this regard, lest the damage increase, to the detriment of the royal house.”
23 As soon as the text of the letter from King Artaxerxes was read before Rehum the governor, Shimshai the secretary, and their colleagues, they traveled immediately to Jerusalem and compelled the Jews by force of arms to stop their work.
24 Rebuilding of the Temple. Work on the house of God in Jerusalem then ceased, and it so remained until the second year of the reign of King Darius of Persia.[n]
Chapter 5
1 Afterward, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel who was over them.[o] 2 Thereupon Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, began again to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem, and the prophets of God were with them, giving them support.
3 At that time Tattenai, the governor of West-of-Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates came to them and asked: “Who has given you the authority to rebuild this house and complete this structure? 4 What are the names of the men who are constructing this building?” 5 However, the eyes of their God continued to watch over the elders of the Jews, and they were not forced to stop until a report could reach Darius and an official reply could then be sent back in regard to this matter.
6 This is a copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates sent to King Darius. 7 This is the written report that they forwarded to him:
“To King Darius: Our sincere greetings. 8 Let it be known to your majesty that we went to the province of Judah and visited the house of the great God. It is being rebuilt with massive stones, and beams of timber are being laid in the walls. The work is being done diligently, and significant progress has been made.
9 “We then questioned the elders, asking them: ‘Who gave you permission to build this house and to finish this structure?’ 10 We also asked them their names for your information so that we could record the names of those who were their leaders.
11 “They gave us this answer: ‘We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth. We are in the process of rebuilding the house that was erected many years ago, a house that a great king of Israel had built and completed. 12 But because our ancestors provoked the wrath of the God of heaven, he delivered them into the power of Nebuchadnezzar, the Chaldean king of Babylon, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to Babylon.
13 “ ‘However, King Cyrus of Babylon,[p] in the first year of his reign, issued a decree that this house of God should be rebuilt. 14 Moreover, the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had removed from the temple of Jerusalem and brought into the temple of Babylon, King Cyrus in turn removed from the temple of Babylon and ordered them to be delivered into the hands of a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he had appointed governor. 15 He said to him: “Take these vessels. Go forth and deposit them in the temple of Jerusalem, and let the house of God be rebuilt on its original site.”
16 “ ‘Then this Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of the house of God in Jerusalem, and from that time until now it has been under construction, and it is not yet completed.’ 17 Now, if it pleases the king, order that a search be made in the royal archives of Babylon to ascertain whether a decree was issued by King Cyrus for the rebuilding of this house of God in Jerusalem. Then ask the king to convey his decision on this matter to us.”
Chapter 6
The Decree of Darius.[q] 1 After that, King Darius issued an order to search the archives where the documents were stored in Babylon. 2 Eventually in the fortress of Ecbatana,[r] a scroll was discovered with the following text:
3 “In the first year of his reign, King Cyrus issued this decree concerning the house of God in Jerusalem: Let the house be rebuilt as a place where sacrifices are offered and burnt offerings are presented. Its height shall be sixty cubits and its width sixty cubits, 4 with three layers of massive stones and one layer of timber. The cost is to be defrayed by the royal treasury.
5 “Furthermore, the gold and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, are to be given back. Each one is to be returned to its proper place in the temple in Jerusalem and deposited in the house of God.
6 “Now you, Tattenai, governor of West-of-Euphrates, and Shethar-bozenai, and your associates, the officials in West-of-Euphrates, keep away from that place. 7 Leave the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews alone so that they may continue to work on that house of God. They are to rebuild it on its former site.
8 “I have also issued a decree in regard to your dealings with the elders of the Jews to ensure the rebuilding of this house of God. Let these men be repaid for their expenses, in full and without delay, from the royal revenue, the taxes of West-of-Euphrates. 9 Whatever else is required—young bulls, rams, and lambs for burnt offerings to the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to what the priests in Jerusalem require—let that be given to them day by day without fail, 10 so that they may offer sacrifices that are acceptable to the God of heaven and pray for the life of the king and his sons.
11 “Furthermore, I have issued a decree: if anyone disobeys this order, a beam shall be torn from his house. Then he is to be impaled on it, and his house is to be reduced to a pile of rubble. 12 May the God who has established his name there overthrow every king or people who may presume to change or to destroy this temple in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued this decree. Let it be strictly obeyed.”
13 The Work Completed. Then Tattenai, the governor of West-of-Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates fully carried out the instructions sent to them by King Darius, 14 and the elders of the Jews continued to make good progress with the rebuilding. Supported by the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah, the son of Iddo, they completed the reconstruction in accordance with the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, the king of Persia.
15 This temple was completed on the twenty-third day of the month of Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius. 16 The Israelites—the priests, the Levites, and the remainder of the exiles—celebrated the dedication of this house of God with joy. 17 For the dedication of this house of God they offered one hundred bulls, two hundred rams, and four hundred lambs, and, as a sin offering for all Israel, twelve male goats, corresponding to the number of the tribes of Israel. 18 Then they installed the priests in their divisions and the Levites in their divisions for the service of God in Jerusalem, as prescribed in the Book of Moses.
19 The Passover. The exiles celebrated the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. 20 For both the priests and the Levites had purified themselves, and they were all ceremonially clean. The Levites sacrificed the Passover lamb for all the exiles who had returned, for their brothers the priests, and for themselves.
21 Therefore, the Israelites who had returned from exile, as well as those who had separated themselves from the unclean practices of their Gentile neighbors in order to seek the Lord, the God of Israel, ate the Passover lamb. 22 For seven days they joyfully celebrated the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for the Lord had given them cause to rejoice by making the king of Assyria change his attitude toward them, so that he supported them in their work on the house of God, the God of Israel.[s]
Footnotes
- Ezra 1:3 Belong to his people: it seems strange that someone who is not a Jew is entrusted with the responsibility to return God’s people to their homeland. Cyrus, who ruled over what was formerly Assyria and Babylon offers immunity to the entire 12 tribes; however, his invitation to rebuild God’s temple is only acknowledged by Judah and Benjamin.
- Ezra 1:8 Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah: it is uncertain whether he and Zerubbabel are one and the same because of the custom of giving Babylonian names to Jews in exile. Both are identified as governors of Judah.
- Ezra 1:9 The numbers have perhaps been miscopied or are exaggerated.
- Ezra 2:2 The Nehemiah mentioned here is not the same one who will rebuild Jerusalem almost a century later, and Mordecai is not the person who is named in the Book of Esther.
- Ezra 2:62 Genealogical records: during this time period, examining records was extremely important for many reasons. One must prove that they descended from Abraham to be considered a true Jew, and this allowed them to participate in full community life.
- Ezra 2:63 Governor: Sheshbazzar; see Ezr 1:8.
- Ezra 2:69 As generous as these donations were, fundraising for the new temple did not compare to the money that David raised for the building of Solomon’s temple, and hence it would never compare to the splendor of the original temple.
- Ezra 3:5 The returning exiles did not wait until the temple was rebuilt to make sacrifices to God because they realized their great need for God and how their disobedience had destroyed them.
- Ezra 3:11 See the psalms of thanksgiving (e.g., the whole of Ps 136).
- Ezra 4:5 Darius I (522–486 B.C.) included Syria and Palestine in his fifth satrapy (administrative province), known as the Satrapy Beyond the River (i.e., beyond the Euphrates). The account in verse 5 is taken up again in verse 24.
- Ezra 4:6 Ahasuerus: successor of Darius I, reigned from 486–465 B.C. He was succeeded by Artaxerxes I (465–424 B.C.).
- Ezra 4:10 The Aramaic text has Osnapper as the king’s name, but he is probably the famous Ashurbanipal (668–626 B.C.), son of Esarhaddon (v. 2) and continuer of his policy.
- Ezra 4:14 Share the salt of the palace: they were supported and paid by the king, and therefore, under obligation to him.
- Ezra 4:24 Work on the temple was interrupted for as many as ten years and resumed about the year 520 B.C.
- Ezra 5:1 See the introductions to the Books of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah.
- Ezra 5:13 King Cyrus of Babylon: Cyrus was previously referred to as king of Persia (Ezr 1:1) and now has extended his reign over Babylon as well. It is used here to signify the importance of the city where the Jews were held captive for over 70 years.
- Ezra 6:1 The reference is to the eastern regions of the empire.
- Ezra 6:2 Ecbatana: modern Hamadan (Iran); this was the capital of Media.
- Ezra 6:22 The union of the feasts of Passover and Unleavened Bread had already taken place in the period of the Deuteronomic reform (622 B.C.; see Deut 16:1-8). The king of Persia is called king of Assyria inasmuch as he was heir to the Assyrian empire.
